Approaches / Compare
ACT and MBCT
Both approaches invite people to notice thoughts and feelings rather than argue with their content. They arose from different traditions and are usually offered in different formats.
| Aspect | Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) | Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) |
|---|---|---|
| Original purpose | Developed as a transdiagnostic behavioural therapy across a wide range of difficulties. | Developed specifically as an eight-session relapse-prevention programme for people with recurrent depression. |
| Usual format | Commonly one-to-one therapy, though group and brief formats are also used. | Usually delivered as an eight-week structured class or group of around eight to fifteen participants. |
| Role of formal meditation | Uses varied mindfulness and defusion exercises, metaphors and experiential practices; formal seated meditation is optional. | Centres on regular guided mindfulness meditation in sessions and daily home practice using recordings. |
| Role of values and action | Clarifying personal values and taking committed action are two of the six named core processes. | Focuses on recognising early signs of low mood, stepping out of rumination and choosing skilful responses. |
| Theoretical roots | Functional contextualism and relational frame theory, developed by Steven Hayes and colleagues. | Combines Jon Kabat-Zinn’s mindfulness-based stress reduction with cognitive therapy concepts from Segal, Williams and Teasdale. |
| Open questions | How distinct its processes are from other cognitive and behavioural therapies. | How best to support participants who find prolonged body-focused meditation difficult or distressing. |
This comparison describes emphasis. It does not say which approach is more effective, and it is not advice on treatment.
Sources are listed on the ACT and MBCT entries. Back to all comparisons.
Educational draft · Subject review pending